Explosion engine



Nov. 24, 1931. M. A. VIOLFL-T 1,833,802

EXPLOSION ENGINE Filed Aug. 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheen l Nov. 24, 1931. M. A. VIOLET EXPLOSION ENGINE Filed Aug. 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet IIIM 17'. v Il reduced fisidmiss'ion, compression decreases,

Patented Nov. 24, 1931 AixciinncrrIinE-wionm, 0F "ooimimvomirmiwn It .-is*know11 that" in explosion engines, the efliciency isa function of compression. For each iuel therefez rists a; compressionpoint, beyond "which "-self -igflition takes i piace. The engines are theretfore built in such zit-mans ner that with the full admission;thecompression should be near-t'hatpdiht; Without hOW-.'

ever-reaching it. It isblear that'fwith the and 1 there-fore the efficiency also decreases.

It-has been attempted by various processes to maintain compression at its maximum Vilue whatever he the degree lof'idmis'sion; The processes employed whilst A imprcW-ingf the thermic efficiency, reduced" considerably the mechanical efficiency of -the engine s so that the resfflt 'o'bt :iinecl'flid not give satisfaction. 'lhepres'ent invention -r'e1ites to e; process which enii' bles the be'strete-of consumption to t be ima intained; 5 and consists in re'introducing into" the cylinder-the desired quantity of the exaustr gas through orifices provided in-the gyl irider end-uncovered by the-piston when the latter isat -the" bottom dead centre; These orifices ere connected to'zm expansion reservoir' which, I in "itsturn, is preferably connected {to the exhaust pipe. 1i desired, a cock or any other regulating device may be arranged between the expansion jreservoir and the exhaust orifices. This arrangement makes it possible r introduce into {the oyl-inderywhen the I en ine-is ruIini'Ii'g -wi-th reciuce'd admission acertain quantity oii the combustion gases which occupy-the lowerportion of the cylinder between thejpiston and the fresh admission, gases, a-1 1d constitute, owing to the strztiiificatib'n,- a gas cushionwh-ich reduces the explosion chamber and enable the fresh gases to explodeiit the b'estoomp-ression. 1

f The' accompanyingldrawin'gs" showby wey of example a' construction 0f an engine pro vicled 'with a device ac ording to the inv en tion. thesaid dr'awingsz I I 1 v Figure 1 show's 'an xplo'sion engine pro videdrwi ththe device according to thiny'entiomiwithout.communicationbetweenthe res- QIVOir-HIid 'thG exhaust-r .i r

i Eigure flis a modified construction in which the zexp :msion reservoir is ini commuiiication ofthe cylinder and the expension reservoir- Z'Figiu es' 5 a nd 6 are two hor i'zontevLsections through the axis of the rotary idistributo 'im 1 dic'ated' in:Figureythese two viewS COnresp onding to two different if positions I of? the i egulating member ofthisdijstributor.

1 'l he' engine comprises ia'crainkl case endla certain numberflof cylinders L iniwhich treyel pistons 12. 9iyisi'the inadmissioni waive; uthe V admission; pipin'g coming from "the; cant r'e'ttor '3i L isthe' -throt tle or Valve for lregu latingthegas. I I i "i5 At fichelowerlclead cent-re ofthe:cylincileriv are arrangedbne -Or more orifices: 1451 which ere in;communication with an expansion reser; voir 6. 'This reservoir may be closedi es. shownin Figure iior connected bye tube 8 to the exhaust pipe :12 iais. showni in: the pt her figures. {The pipelconnectingi the orifices 14: :to the expansion reservoir may -*be' provided with a' throttling valvefi (see Eigures: 2 and 3);either independentoiyorconnectedzi any 96 desired manner to-,'the thr0tt1e4; Obviously this valve :5 may: be of onyndesiredi sconstructionja' -Ll' The working offthelengine'iisgiesfollows: At-t the ien'cib o'f the-driving -"str '.oke,ithe ex: haustf gases. escape through a the: 'orificesi'sl'. Thi's'fect ini-ts elfisraconsiderableadvantage" owing to ib'etter evacuation of; {the .c'olhbustion ases, a reduction of strziin'si on the of haust' valves, & mreduction offthe' i-heatin'gidue to the suddenzexpension of the gasestandbto the decrease :of .the {-backipressure {duringothe eXhaustKphase; Moreover; the gasesww'hich escape through .the orifices; l4isweep ithe sur f ace ofhthepistbn and removeiilfro'lnitnbhe sible, when the piston arrives at the bottom.

calamine and other residues of combustion. The piston 1 rises then and expels the rest of the combustion gases through the exhaust valve 10, then descends again and draws in fresh gases'through the admission valve 9.

If the carburettor is not open sufliciently to make a complete filling of the cylinder pos gasesbeingintroduced at the lower dead centre, a real stratification is produced, and the combustion gases are -practically not mixediatall with the fresh gases, but form a neutral layer interpolated betweenthe fresh gases and the piston. The reintroduced combustion gases play several parts,- to wit firstly theymallow the recovery" of ;a certain amount ofheat which-is transferred to the I V fresh gases; furthermore they reduce, byltheir "presence, ther capacity of the compression chamberreserved for thefreslr gases, 5 and cause the flatte'r to explode at the bestcompression point.-

\Nhenthe engine is working with full -admission,thejrunning'is not modified by the device according to: theinvention, and. there will always be the advantage of the antici- JPated'exhaust'thro gh'the orifices 14.

In-the construction of Figure 1, the'reser voir 6 is closed, and therefore the pressure in the interior. of-the said reservoir will always i be a maximum.

In the constructlon of F1gure 2, the reservoir6 isin communication with the atmosphere and therefore the pressure is, always a minimum. I In the construction of. Figure 3, the pipe 8 is" provided with a regulating member 13, to be described hereinafter which enables the pressure in thereservoir to be given the desired valu t When using the device according to the in.- vention for aviation'engines, the advantages obtainedare still more considerable. In such a case, the engine will be preferably built'as shown inFigure 3. A valve 13 is mounted in the piping 8 connecting the expansion reser- .V0ir,6 to the-exhaust pipe '12 which is in com- I 'munication. with the atmosphere. The exha-ust gaseswhen they escape at the end of the "stroke: through theuorifices 14:, still have a certain pressure. By acting-on the outlet va1vel13 of the expansion reservoir. 6, the

whole, or part, ofthe said pressure' 'can be "maintained in the said reservoir. xThe quantity. of inertgases which can be reintro; duced into .thecylinder, will therefore vary gasoline.

with the pressure maintained in the expan sion reservoir. It must be pointed out that Y no back pressure is produced on the piston, the exhaust valve remaining open during the whole upstroke of the piston, after the ori-' fices v14L are closed by thepiston. Another notlessimportant advantage is that the de vice according to'th'e i'nvention makes it possible to utilize heavy fuels which cannot be utlhzed in an ordinary engine. Obviously starting. and slow running would be preferably insured with 'avolatile fuel such as In F igures4 to 6 is shown a construction more particularly intended forengines with a'very long stroke. In fact, in such engines it is often diflicult to close, at the end ofthe upstroke, the orifices l4 communicating with the expansionreservoir, as the piston, in order to perform this o'perat be ofexcessive height. 1 I} In order to reduce the height of thepiston ion, wouldhave' to and assure the alternate closing and opening "ofthe orifices arrangedin the lower portion ofthe cylinder, in the pipe which establishes communication between the, expansion reservoirandthe said orifices, is;mount ed a rotary distributor rotating with half the speedof theengine. r i

v This distributor: is constitutedby a cylindrical body provided along adiameter While the piston makes its fourstrokes, the. cylindrical body makesone complete'revolue tion. The position ofthe opening is adjusted. in such amannerthat the interior of the cylinder'is connected to the expansion resers with aperforat-ion or bore ofagivenshape.

voir only-atl theend of-the explosion stroke Y and at theendof the admission stroke.

This distributor may also be built sothat it enables the quantitygof the combustion gases passing through its orifices intothe j cylinder, to be regulated, or the admission; of

the'saidgase's evento be shut off completely I Y ,1 a 110 The rotary distributor 15"rotating at half if desired.

the speed of the engine may be driven by means of achain, gear wheels or of any other suitable device. V V I I In Figure. 4:, the distributor 15 is; shown in the positioninwhich the communication is established between a pipe20 which communicates with the orifices/14, on the one hand, and theexpansion reservoir 6, .on the other'hand. 'This position corresponds to theqlowerposition ofthe piston.- Then the piston. rises, the distributor makes a certain fraction of a revolution, and its solid portion shuts off communication betweentheinterior of the cylinder andgthe reservoir 6.,QVVh'en the piston returns-to theposition of Figure 4,

the engine has 'made ;a&complete revolution,

and the distributor.whichrotates at half-the.

speed of the engine',-has' made half arev'olution.; {The commu-nicationis, reestablished,

a'revolution. a l r V IfltiS desired to obtain regulation of the quantity of the gases reintroduced into the cylinder at the end "of the admis'sion' stroke, the rotating part of the distributor may be. adapted to slide inthe interior of its casing and is-cut again only after a; new fraction of 21. This rotating portionof the distributor has a sleeve provided with gr'oovesor keys int-ended to ensure the guiding of the part inquestion during its slidingfin the' interior of the hole. V

The rotarydistributor: 15 is provided with an orifice 16-arrang'ed in such a manner that it makes possible the escape of the combustion-gases at the end of" the exhaust stroke,

' whatevenbe the position in the'longitudinal lVhen the distributor is ln the position shown in Figuree, thepart 22 in the position shown dotted closes entirely,the pipe 20; thus preventing the combustion gases from being reintroduced into the cylinder,"whi-lst allowin g the evacuation of the said gasesat the end of the exhaust stroke, the part22being at that moment in the" position shown in the same figure in full lines." In the position of Figurefi, the distributor having slid a certain length, the'part22, in the position shown do'tt'ech'no longer closes completely the pipe 20, the reintroduction of the gases thusbeing renderedpossible. The distributor15 can be moved in the longitudinalidirection by means of any desired device. In Figures 5 and 6 is shown a construction of such a device. The

distributor which is rotatedfin a continuous manner by means of the pinion 19, can be moved in the longitudinal direction by means of a control acting on fork 17 engaging a collar 18 on the sliding member. In Figures 5 and 6 are shown two positions of the fork, corresponding to two different positions of the sliding member.

lVhen the engine is running with full ad mission, the rotary distributor will be set either by means of an independent control, or by means of a control conjugated with that of the accelerator, so as to reduce to a minimum or even-to shut oflt entirely, thereintrodnction oi the combustion gases, whilst retaining the advantages of exhaust through the orifices arranged at the lower portion of he cylinder. p

t mustbe understood that the invention is not limited to the constructions illustrated which have been given merelyin order to make the invention clear, and that the device can be applied to any existing explosion engines, and that the reintroduction of the combustion gases may be effected in any desired manner without departing i from the spirit of the invention as comprehended with in the scope ofr the appendedclaims; U 1

r Forinstance, sleeve valve engineshaving any desired motion (reciprocating, rotary, mixed etc.) could be modifiedaccording to theinvention. In such engines the sleeve valves may be utilized for obtaining the results desired,either by displacing the control means or by adding an-extra sleeve or An almost 1 similar, though less perfect, result may also by any other suitable mea'ns.

be obtained by acting onthe exhaust valve in the case of an engine'with poppet Ivalves.

Atthe end of the adinis'siomthe valve is raised by a 'suitablecam: 'lheexhaust valve,

acts'then twice for two-revolutionsof the englne; a'fi'rst time normally, and "a second time, at the end of the admission. This process is less to be recommended as it producesa certain mixing of fresh gases with the combustion gases which can be introduced only in a limitedquantity.'

It must be further un distributor described with "reference to Fig;

ures l to 3, might be replacedbyany other desired device having a cont-mucus motion of dersto'o'th that the rotationat half the speed of the. engine, and a enabling communication between theorifices arran ed in the lower portion of the cylin der, and the "expansicn'freservoir, to bealternately established {and suppressed, whilst making possible it'desired the regulation of the opening at the'moinentoit reii'i'troduction I of the combustion guess, this device being. controlled in anyfidesired manner whatso everf e Having described my invention jwhatfiI claim as new "and desire to secure by Letters Patentis:

1.'In an'inte'rnal combustion engine hav-' ingna cylindenjaimotor piston in said-cylinits der and an eXhaust manifold for said cylinder, the combinatlo'n of an auxilla'ry exhaust port M for said cylinder, adapted Y to beunc'overed by the pi ston at theend' of its ou'tward stroke,

a closed expansion-"chamber, single mjeans connecting said chamber to said exhaust port, and a rotary distributoradapted to be actuated by said engine for opening-said means at the the -%piston.

I 2.-In an internal c'ombustioirengine havport" for said cylinder, a dapted'to' be uncovered at the end of its outward stroke, a closed I expansion chamber, single means connecting said chamber to said exhaust port,1an;:l a roe end of each outward stroke of mg a .cylinderfa motor :pistonin said'cylintar y distributor'adapted'aitobe actuated by I said engine at half thespeed thereof "for opening last =mention'edi means at the end Ofl tlle outward j strokes ofthe piston. v I '3. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a motor piston in said cylinder and an exhaust manifold f or said cylinder, the combination of an auxiliaryexhaust port for said cylinder, adapted to-be uncovered at the end of the outward stroke of the piston, an expansion, chamber, single means connecting said chamber to, said exhaust port, means associated with last H1611 I Jtioned means adapted to be actuated by said engine for, opening periodically the former means at the end of the outwardstrokes of the piston and means for adjusting the open ingaiforded by said first mentionedineans during operation thereof. 7 i V 4. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a motor piston in said cylinder and an exhaust manifold for said cylinder, the'combination of an auxiliary exhaust port forsaid cylinder, an expansion chamber, a conduit connecting said chamber to said exhaust manifold, a conduit connecting said chamber tosaid exhaust port, a Valve adapted V to be actuated by said engine for openingthe second conduitat the end of each outward stroke of the piston and meansladapted t0 be'actuated by the throttle of said engine for adjusting be opening of said valve during operation of thesaid engine.

5. In an internal combustion-engine having a cylinder, a motor piston in'said cylinder and an exhaust manifold for said cylinder, the combination of an auxiliary exhaust port for said cylinder, an expansion chamber, aYconduit connecting said chamber to said exhaust manifold, a conduit connecting .said chamber to saidlexhriustport, means adapted to be actuated'by said engine for I opening the second conduit at the end of the outward stroke of the piston, and means adapted to be actuated by the throttle of said engine for adjusting the opening of last mentioned means during operation ofthe en- I 6. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a motor piston in said cylinder and an' exhaust manifold for said cylinder, the combination of an auxiliary exhaust port for said cylinder, an expansion chamber, a

conduit connecting said chamber to said exhaust manifold, a conduit connecting said chamber to said exhaust port, a rotary distributor adapted to be actuated by said engine for opening the second conduit at. the

end of the outward strokes of the piston and means adapted tobe actuated by thethrottle of said engine for adjusting-the maximum" opening of said distributor duringrotation of the eng1ne.- V s V x q r 7. In an internal'combustion engine having a cylinder, a motorpiston in said cylindclj and an exhaust manifold for said cylinder,

the combinationv of an auxiliary exhaust port for said cylinder, adapted to be uncovered at the outer dead point of the piston, an expansion chamber, single means connecting said chamber to said exhaust port, a rotary dis tributor in said connecting means provided with a diametral passage, oblique with ref- ,erence to the connecting means,imeans whereby theenginecontrols the rotation of said dis necting means at the end of each outward stroke of the piston and means for axially displacingthedistributor V V 8. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a motor piston in saidcylintributor for alining the passage with the conder and an exhaust manifoldfor said cylinder, the combination of an auxiliary exhaust port for said cylinder, an expansion cham port for said cylin'der adaptedtoibe un:

co-ye'red at the end of the outward strolre'of the piston, an expansion chamber provided 'with a: single connection with'the cylinder through the auxiliary exhaust port and wherein the, exhaust gases areadapted to be stored under] pressure above atmospheric pressure, a rotary engine driven distributor in s 'l 'connection'and means to axially move the distributor to vary, the quantity of exhaust gas admittedto thecylinder't-hrough I said auxiliaryport. V

In testimony that I clalmthe foregoing as IHYlIlVGIllZlOIl, I have signed my name.

' MARCEL ACHILLE vioLnr- 

